diff --git a/src/transmute/transmute.py b/src/transmute/transmute.py
index 7bd7eb4..f2172a8 100644
--- a/src/transmute/transmute.py
+++ b/src/transmute/transmute.py
@@ -508,22 +508,22 @@ class Transmute:
         Logger.info(f"convert_all_gems: {len(plan)} gem types to process, {total} total transmutes planned")
 
         # Step 3: execute.
-        # Flow per gem type: open cube from PERSONAL stash tab once, switch to
-        # GEMS tab (cube UI stays open), then for each batch:
-        #   ctrl+shift+click gem stack 3x -> gems land directly in open cube
-        #   transmute
-        #   ctrl+click result from cube -> goes back to active GEMS tab
-        # Close cube when done with this gem type.
+        # Flow per gem type:
+        #   Open cube from CHARACTER INVENTORY (right-click)
+        #   Switch to GEMS tab — cube UI stays open alongside stash
+        #   For each transmute:
+        #     ctrl+shift+click gem stack 3x -> gems go directly into open cube
+        #     transmute
+        #     ctrl+click result from cube -> goes back to active GEMS tab
+        #   Close cube when done with this gem type.
         done = 0
         for n_transmutes, gem_template, gems_out, tier_name in plan:
             Logger.info(f"convert_all_gems: {n_transmutes}x {gem_template}")
 
-            # Open cube from PERSONAL tab
-            if not self._open_cube_from_stash():
-                Logger.error("  cube not found in stash — aborting")
+            # Open cube from character inventory, then switch to GEMS tab
+            if not self._open_cube_from_inventory():
+                Logger.error("  cube not found in inventory — aborting")
                 return
-
-            # Switch to GEMS tab (cube UI stays open)
             self._switch_to_gems_tab()
 
             for i in range(n_transmutes):
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ class Transmute:
                 if not matches:
                     Logger.info(f"  no {gem_template} left in GEMS tab, stopping")
                     break
-                Logger.info(f"  [{i+1}/{n_transmutes}] ctrl+shift+click {gem_template} x3 -> cube @ {matches[0].center_monitor}")
+                Logger.info(f"  [{i+1}/{n_transmutes}] ctrl+shift {gem_template} x3 -> cube @ {matches[0].center_monitor}")
                 for _ in range(3):
                     self._ctrl_shift_click_monitor(*matches[0].center_monitor, label=gem_template)
                     wait(0.15, 0.2)
@@ -549,6 +549,8 @@ class Transmute:
 
             self.close_cube()
             wait(0.3, 0.4)
+            # Reopen GEMS tab for next gem type
+            self._switch_to_gems_tab()
 
         Logger.info(f"convert_all_gems: done — {done}/{total} transmutes completed")
 
diff --git a/tools/testbed.py b/tools/testbed.py
index a7b3e6f..f0d522c 100644
--- a/tools/testbed.py
+++ b/tools/testbed.py
@@ -96,7 +96,9 @@ def _gems_all() -> int:
     from inventory import common
     start_detecting_window()
     try:
-        if not is_visible(ScreenObjects.GoldBtnStash, grab()):
+        img = grab()
+        stash_open = is_visible(ScreenObjects.GoldBtnStash, img) or common.left_inventory_ready(img)
+        if not stash_open:
             print("gems_all: stash not open — navigating to stash...")
             import template_finder
             from ui import main_menu